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Investigatory Powers Tribunal
In the United Kingdom, the Investigatory Powers Tribunal (IPT) is a judicial body, independent of the British government, which hears complaints about surveillance by public bodies—in fact, "the only Tribunal to whom complaints about the Intelligence Services can be directed".
== History ==
It was established in 2000 by the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA) and replaced the Interception of Communications Tribunal, the Security Service Tribunal, and the Intelligence Services Tribunal.
The IPT does not disclose its address; it uses a PO Box in Nine Elms, London, close to the Secret Intelligence Building. Its website was created in 2003 by Tricorn Media, which has worked extensively for the police and Home Office.〔http://www.tricornmedia.com〕〔http://www.whois.com/whois/ipt-uk.com〕 The IPT and its shortcomings were discussed in a BBC Radio 4 ''File on 4'' programme in September 2013.〔http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03bdsyk〕
Certain European Court of Human Rights judgments said the IPT offers no human rights remedy on surveillance questions, in particular Burden v United Kingdom (2008) 47 EHRR 38 and Malik v United Kingdom (Application no.32968/11) () ECHR 794 (28 May 2013).
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